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• Men:-Penile implants, Penile surgery
• Women: Vulvoplasty, Hymenoplasty

Reason of Application:

The reasons of hair loss are aging, hormonal changes, and genetic heritage. The sooner it starts, the bigger its impact is. It is more common in men.

Other reasons include burning and traumas. In most cases, this problem can be solved with hair transplantation.

The truth about hair loss:

Hair loss (also called baldness) is a disorder which can be caused by insufficient blood flow, immune deficiency, scalp problems, hair care mistakes etc. The time, scale, and type of hair loss depend on age, gender, and genetic heritage.

The best candidates for hair transplantation:

Hair transplantation helps change your appearance and increase your confidence. The patient must think about his/her priorities, expectations, and preferences and discuss them thoroughly with a physician. The main condition for hair transplantation is to possess healthy and usable hair on any part of the head. The transplanted hair will be taken from these hairy parts. The result is likely to be affected by the type and color of the hair. The techniques used for transplantation are punch-graft, mini graft, micro-graft, and strip graft.

Hair loss at women:

One out of every five women suffer from hair loss, although the results and scale might differ. It might be due to hormonal changes, menopause, and aging. Hair loss in women is usually less detectable. For women’s hair loss, the most appropriate technique is mini-graft which aims to form a certain level of density. In order to be able to apply this technique, the patient must have thick hair at the back of the head. Samples from the thicker areas are taken and transferred to another area. This surgery is totally safe if performed by an experienced plastic surgeon.

The Plan of the Operation:

Hair transplantation is a personalized treatment method. One must consult an experienced plastic surgeon before the operation. The surgeon must interview the patient about the current health condition, habits, lifestyle etc. and inform him/her about anaesthesia and possible outcomes. It is of utmost importance that the patient asks detailed questions about the phases of the operation.

Preparation for the Operation:

The patient is given detailed instruction for preparing for the operation. Smokers should stop smoking, for it affects blood circulation and the outcome of the operation. It highly recommended to have anttendant after the operation and not to exhaust the body.

Types of Anaesthesia:

The surgery is usually done under local anaesthesia, independent of the surgery technique.

Types of hair transplantation Operation:

• Flap surgeries
• Skin deprecation
• Surgery

Surgery

Hair roots from the donor area are transferred to the balding area and the number of roots is usually between 100 and 150. The patient is given a haircut in order to facilitate the removal of the roots. Special hair care is needed for the donor area. No bandages are needed after the surgery.

Tissue Expander surgeries:

Tissue expansion is used for rehabilitating scars and burn injuries. It can also be used for hair transplantation. The hairy skin area is enlarged to cover the balding area.

Flap Surgery:

This surgery is being applied on the head successfully for the last 20 years. It is basically removing some of the balding skin and transferring some hairy skin to this area.

After surgery:

Post-surgical aches, throbbing or tension can be treated by simple drugs. Bandages, if there are any, can be removed after a day. After three days, you can wash your head very delicately. The first washing must be overseen by a physician. Sutures are removed within 7-10 days. The course of recovery partly depends on following the physician’s instructions. The results of the surgery can be fully observed within 8 months. During the first 6 months following the surgery, some hair loss can be seen. However, this is normal and temporary.

The Next Session:

A second hair transplantation operation can be performed after a year.

Who gets skin cancer and why?

Skin cancer is the most common cancer type in the world. More than 500.000 cases are observed in the USA every year. The skin cancer can be seen at any part of the body, but mostly it is on the face, head, and neck.
The main reason is the skin exposure to the ultraviolet rays from the sun. It is also triggered by solarium. Everyone might have skin cancer no matter what your gender, age, skin type, or genetic heritage is. However, if you have the factors listed below, the risk increases:

• If your skin colour is light and you have freckles,
• If you have light eye colour and light hair colour,
• If you have skin cancer history in your family,
• If you are spending too much time in open air under the sun,
• If you are living in a sunny country and you are at a high altitude,
• If you have had radiation for acne treatment.

Skin Cancer Types:

The most common skin cancer type is called “basal cell carcinoma.” It is considered the least dangerous among other skin cancer types. Its course of development is rather slow and the incident of metastases is rare. However, it sometimes causes serious local damage around the eyes.
“Squamous cell cancer” is the second frequent cancer type. It is usually formed on the lips, face and ears. It can spread tothe gland nodes and visceral organs. Unlesstreated, it is likely to threaten life.
“Malign melanoma” is the most dangerous skin cancer type. It can be treated when it is diagnosed at early stages. Otherwise it spreads fast and it is fatal. If there are wounds on your face, hands or any part of your body that do not heal in one month, you must consult your physician.  The physician takes a little sample from the wound and sends it to the pathological investigation.

Method of Operation:

Usually the primary preference of treatment is surgery – the removal of the cancerous tissue. The complexity of the surgery depends on the size of the cancerous tissue. If it is too large to remove and if cancer has spread to other organs, radio therapy and chemotherapy methods are used.

Reconstructive Techniques:

The surgical treatment of cancer varies from simple excision to reconstructive techniques. Nose, lips and eye are the areas to which these techniques can be applied.

Reason of Application:

Although the reasons of cleft lip are not definite, the possible factors are genetic heritage, drugs taken during pregnancy, x-rays, stress, traumas, or virus-based diseases, and surplus or deficiency of vitamins. The rate of cleft lip and palate cases is 1/1000 births.

Method of Operation:

When the baby is 6-10 weeks old and at least 4.5 kilograms, the cleft lip and palate can be corrected. Operation at an early age might leave surgical marks and might affect the development of the upper jaw and face. Additional operations might be necessary to erase these marks. If it is too late to do the surgery, then the child will learn to speak with a cleft palate although it is usually very difficult to master the pronunciation.
In order to be able to achieve better results with cleft palates, a second surgery might be necessary. For the children that have a cleft on the teeth line, inserting a piece of bone to the cleft line produces good results. This bone is called alveolar bone graft. It helps the permanent teeth to develop better. As for the children with double clefts and problematic columella, the surgery must be performed before they start school.

Operation and Time of Recovery:

The duration of surgery depends on the diagnosis.

Hipospadias is a genital abnormality in which the urine hole is not at the correct place on penis. It is seen once in every 300 men. The mostly seen one is the one close to the edge (glandular) and the least common type is perineal.

When patients have hypospadias, they usually have a band that lies between the hole and the edge of penis which is called the “chordee”. This band causes forward bending of the penis during erection. This can be fixed during the surgery.

The patient must be examined for other organ abnormalities regularlyand go through intravenous pyelogram. Among the probable abnormalities are undescended testicles, kidney abnormalities, hernia and other inborn abnormalities.The structure of the penis of a patient with hypospadias is also different.

Treatment:

The penis should reach to a sufficient size before the surgery. It is recommended that children that have hypospadias are not circumcised. The skin to be circumcised will be used during surgery to form the new urine channel or to cover the front of the penis.

Surgical Interference:

The method of treatment usually depends on the type and location of wounds, the time of accident, the skin condition etc. Particular conditions like tendon and nerve cuts require immediate and serious action.
The basic principle is to render the hand as functional as possible. The most common method is basic tendon incision.

The mobility of the muscles is transferred to the bone by mobilizing the tendons. The mobility of the bone depends on the joint movement. If tendons are cut, the bones cannot be mobilized. Additionally, there are some other factors that affect the function of tendons. These are the integrity of the bone, the condition of the joint, the condition of the skin and nerve tissues. For a detailed damage inspection all these factors must be considered.

Method of Operation:

Whether the surgery is done immediately orafter some time depends on the type of injury. When it comes to nerves or vein cuts, immediate action must be taken. Before performing a hand surgery, its whole structure must be examined in order to see whether a healthy operation can be carried out.
During the surgery, appropriate sutures must be used for all the injured parts. The durability of these sutures must be stronger.
The injuries that are characterized by tendon, vein and nerve smashes are harder to treat. In some cases, the surgeon transfers tendons, veins and/or nerves from other parts of the body and fixes them by using grafts. When there is tissue loss, the tendon-shaped prostheses with silicone structure are implanted and the tendon cover will be formed in 3 months. In the second surgery the prosthesis is removed and tendon graft is implanted.

After Surgery:

The hand must be stabilized in order to facilitate the healing of the tendons, nerves and veins. After a while, the patient can do a few passive movements which are facilitated by some auxiliary equipment. In the latter stage, the active moves start according to the recommendations of the surgeon.
The treatment continues with physiotherapy after the surgery. Early attempts to move the hand might result in ruptures.

In case of diabetes, it is ratherdifficult to treat the wounds and the healing takes a long time. Diabetes usually damages cells and causes wounds and vein problems to appear on the legs and feet. If the treatment is not successful, the patient might lose his/her organs.
Pressure wounds, muscular problems, and nerve diseases might appear as a result of long bed rests which keep the organs under pressure. The wounds grow bigger due to aging, loss of mobility, diabetes, and malnutrition.  In our clinic, the types of wounds mentioned above can be treated.